Monday, 30 September 2013

Target Audience Chosen!

After looking at the results and analysis of my questionnaire, I have found that the most appropriate target audience for the genre and my music video are females aged 16-60 years old. Soul appears to be a considered out-dated by the music industry and their audiences so I would like to be able to bring it back as something for the new generation to listen to and to re-introduce the genre for those whom lived through it as teenagers/adults themselves.

I acknowledge that this genre does have a wider audience appeal i.e. people aged around 24+ and I know this genre would have a good chance of being successful with this age group more than my chosen target audience but I'm hoping that this will garner a shared musical interest between these two age groups whom are typically interested in separate genres.

Contact With Artist's Management

I have contacted Brian Teefey regarding Christina Grimmie's track With Love with the following email:

Hello Brian,

My name is Aria Archer and I am a higher education student in London, England. I'm currently studying Media in my final year and I need to ask for permission to use a song copyrighted by Christina Grimmie and your company. For my project, I am required to record and develop a music video for a song of my choice and I was advised by my teacher to approach an independent/unsigned artist or band. I immediately thought of Christina's song With Love as a great track to use and one that is most deserving of a music video. Would I be able to use this song as the track for my project? If you have any questions, please feel free to ask away as it is within your right. Thank you for taking the time to consider this and I hope we can come to an agreement.

Aria

I hope to receive a reply within the next 3 days so I can make the correct agreements (if needs be) and I can begin setting dates and times to begin filming the video.

Sunday, 29 September 2013

Artist Research

Christina Grimmie

















She is a Christian American singer-songwriter and pianist known for her covers of hit songs by the likes of Miley Cyrus, Justin Bieber, Christina Aguilera, Bruno Mars, etc. Since uploading her first cover in July 2009, she has garnered over 390 million views and more than 2 million subscribers, making her the 4th most subscribed musician on YouTube. She was signed by the independent record label Creative Arts Agency in April 2012, whom have previously signed artist's like Chris Brown and Christina Aguilera; and she has recently released her debut full length album With Love in August 2013.
When writing the album, she stated her struggles at the beginning saying that she thought she had recorded "great songs but, at the end of it all, I was not really connecting to these songs." When she eventually found her sound (1980's motown soul), she felt that it was "something that 2013 needs to hear." She has citied that her main influence vocally is Christina Aguilera, followed by Christian singer Stacie Orrico.

Artist Chosen!

After researching music videos of my genre, I learned that not many independent Soul singers have been recognised for their work whereas those like Mariah Carey, Whitney Houston and Amy Winehouse have their deserved recognition. Therefore, I knew I would chose an independent artist to publicise and only one really struck me as a soulful singer: Christina Grimmie. She has recently released her full length debut album titled With Love and I thought that would be an ample opportunity to use a song from this album.

Amy Winehouse: Rehab (Video Analysis)

·         Mise en Scene
~has various different locations within the video (most of which suggest rehab/mental hospital): portrays a visual of how she views herself acting like in that situation, contradicting the lyrics meaning of her not going to rehab in the first place (suggests that, although she says she doesn’t need to go, she probably needs to)
~people dressed in pyjamas, poor clothing: symbolises the idea of attending rehab even further with them creating the surround sound of the song around Winehouse (the sound is significant within the song)
~wearing two different outfits: the lyrics “yes I’ve been black, but when I come back, you’ll know know know” could help suggest that these are her varying changes when she’s on/off the drugs and alcohol (lack of clothing suggesting her being ‘black’ and wearing clothes such as red heels and leather jacket suggesting sober)
·         Editing
~editing is irregular: it doesn’t follow a specific pattern although it does appear to roughly flow with the beat of the song that the people surrounding her are replicating
·         Camera Shots
~close ups of her face: to portray her emotions, to have good angles of the singer’s beautiful features and to help create a symbol to put a familiar face to Amy Winehouse
~wide shot: to ascertain the setting to the audience and how its significant to the song’s lyrics
~zoom out of Winehouse as she sings: consistent camera technique used during her solo scenes alongside close ups to keep the scene interesting as Winehouse is seen to be stationary throughout most of the video
·         Sound
~song is played over the narrative: keeps the song heard loud and clear whilst allowing the director to play more with visuals and narrative for the video: however, not too many visuals used within the video (keeping singer and song in spotlight) so that the video truly portrays the significance the song has for her
~the background people whom replicate the instruments and rhythm of the song portray a visual representation of the raw sound that was put into the music that evolved into the song

·         Goodwin’s theory
~contradicting link between visuals and lyrics: although the scene(s) are set to imitate a rehab centre (the psychiatrist’s room and the enclosed bedroom) plus the people surrounding her are dressed in pyjamas to emphasise this, she is singing about not attending rehab which is the complete opposite (challenges the conventions of soul music)
~certain genre characteristics: music with a personality (can vary in sound), typically sung by singers with magnificent/unique vocals
~notions of looking: Winehouse is seen staring at herself in the bathroom mirror where she is seen wearing very little and appears ungroomed (suggests she’s observing herself during her down days)
~demands of the record label: a lot of close ups of her face and body (more sexual than past soul videos with low tops, showing off her legs) which suggests something sexual (perhaps she embraces her bad days by acting sexier?)
~narrative based: follows her through the various locations whilst she mimics the lyrics although there is no specific narrative (only focus is upon Winehouse and the lyrics that have meaning to her)

Saturday, 28 September 2013

Mariah Carey: Vision of Love (Video Analysis)

·         Mise en Scene
~empty house with staircase and large window: suggests visuals aren’t entirely significant within the scene and could possibly suggest a certain elegance and emptiness to the song
~wearing all black (black shirt, leggings): suggests a simplicity to the visuals of the video and allows less focus to be on Carey sexually and more focus on her vocals and the song
~she let her hair out, curly and barely any make-up: appears more relaxed and at-one-with-herself and portrays the idea that finding love helped her with that – “I had a vision of love, and it was all that you’ve given to me”
~placement of tree and swing: typically, this can be linked to Adam and Eve in the garden of Eden (idolised as a utopia) so as she sings about her ‘vision of love’, the audience gain the idea that she envisions this idea she has as a utopia
·         Editing
~special effects: these portray the evolution of music videos as well as suggesting the previous idea of creating a magical setting for the video (use of dark sunsets, bright blue skies) but it could also suggest the days passing by her as she awaits the love she envisions of having
~singing points: she is shown singing the majority of softer vocals placed in the window whilst belting out the stronger sounds in front of the microphone
·         Camera Shots
~close ups of her face: to portray her emotions as she sings the lyrics (creates a more intimate tone) and to show off the singer’s beautiful features in more detail
~panning across the stairway (done at beginning and end): alongside the beginning melody of the song, it creates a magical tone for the video to start and end on (linking in with the idea that she is talking about love as something perfect and magical: utopia)
~tilt shot of her singing into microphone: done slowly, it can suggest something gentle and dream-like – again linking into the ‘vision of love’
~wide shot of location: establishes the setting and allows the audience to gain some sort of idea as to what the visuals of the video will involve (dream-like, mystical: matches the voice of the singer, in a way)
·         Sound
~song is played over the narrative: keeps the song heard loud and clear whilst allowing the director to play more with visuals and narrative for the video: however, not too many visuals used within the video (keeping singer and song in spotlight) so that the video truly portrays the significance the song has for her and her passion for it

·         Goodwin’s theory
~compliments link between the visuals and music: Carey's clothing and the settings surrounding her portray a more mystical and dream-like state she appears to be in, and the music's melody has the effects of sprinkling magic at the start of the track with a slow tune that flows alongside the visuals
~certain genre characteristics: music with a personality (can vary in sound), strong emotions that leads to strong vocals full of passion, typically sung by singers with magnificent vocals
~have intertextual references: the tree could represent Adam and Eve and the utopia the couple live in (the kind of place Carey possibly envisions as her idea of love)
~notions of looking: she is stood in front of a mirror at one point, cradling her arms around her body and rocks side-to-side which portrays Carey holding herself up as she awaits the man who will fulfill her 'vision of love': "carried the weight on my own"
~demands of the record label: a lot of close-ups of her face and the use of a tilt shot as she sings creates an idea of her being sexualised but is covered up enough to have it fall in tune with the music instead
~narrative/performance based: it is mostly performance based with Carey singing with a microphone, sat by the window, etc however, there are some hints of a narrative within the video with Carey sat on a swing cradling a cat into her chest and then sprawled upon the stairway - allows the song to be in the spotlight and has Carey's vocals become the significant factor of the video

Whitney Houston: the Greatest Love of All (Video Analysis)

·         Mise en Scene
~wearing all black (leather jacket, knee-length skirt, boots): intentions not meant to be sexual; focus on the lyrics and her voice
~the stairway she steps down: symbolises her returning from the peak of her career back to where it all started as a child (hence the flashbacks)
~crew (and cast?) rushing about her to set up stage for her performance: perhaps portrays what the lyrics can do visually (she followed the song’s beliefs and it led her there) and also creates a scene where the singer is almost in her own world
~set on a broadway stage: suggests a more mellow, down-to-earth tone that match well with the song’s melody
~the light bulbs surrounding the artist illuminate her and create the strong sense of presence she has in the scene
~wearing all white (silk-like dress, thigh split, jewellery): appears elegant and beautiful; focus on her present (the person she has become and the career she has built up for herself) and also the flashback to her childhood portrays the positive attitude the theatre has had on her and the lyrics effectively link in with this – “sense of pride” and “the beauty they possess inside”
·         Editing
~showing the past and present side-by-side as a narrative to the song: links in with lyrics as she sings about learning to have pride and depend on herself as a young child which follows what she learnt herself
~when the artist goes to perform, the “ghost” of her past walks on with her and they meet in the middle as they merge together: suggests the link between the narratives and provides the overall visual reflection of the song’s lyrics
·         Camera Shots
~close ups of her face: to portray her emotions as she sings the lyrics and to show off the singer’s beautiful features
~establishing shot: to ascertain the location to the audience and its significance to the singer
~low angles of the singer: puts her as a dominating character and symbolises the power she owns within the scene – “I decided long ago never to walk in anyone’s shadow”
~medium close up: portrays both her facial expressions and her clothing/body lang which suggests the focus on the passion she is giving into the song (lyrics) and still shows what she is wearing to an extent (reminds audience of her elegance especially when she arrives on stage and begins to glow/sparkle)
·         Sound
~song is played over the narrative: keeps the song heard loud and clear whilst allowing the director to play more with visuals and narrative for the video: however, not too many visuals used within the video (keeping singer and song in spotlight) so that the video truly portrays the significance the song has for her and her passion for it

·         Goodwin’s theory
~compliments link between visuals and lyrics: Houston presents herself in the past and present and how the way she was raised as a child moulded her into the strong woman she has become: "if I fail, if I succeed, at least I keep my dignity."
~certain genre characteristics: music with a personality (can vary in sound), strong emotions that leads to strong vocals full of passion, typically sung by singers with magnificent vocals
~notions of looking: Houston looks in a mirror at herself and smiles often before her performance - consistent portrayal of her self-confidence
~demands of the record label: a lot of close ups of her face and top-half of her body when wearing dress (not completely sexually as dress is elegant and white rather than red and sexy)
~narrative/performance based: follows two intertwining narratives as she sings the lyrics before leading up to an overall performance to finish the song - follows the storyline of how she grew from then to now since last being on the same stage

Friday, 27 September 2013

Soul/R&B Genre Timeline

Whitney Houston: Greatest Love of All (1985)


Mariah Carey: Vision of Love (1990)

Mary J. Blige: I'm Goin' Down (1995)

Angie Stone: Wish I Didn't Miss You (2002)

Amy Winehouse: Rehab (2006)


This is a timeline of popular Soul/R&B music sung by female artists that show the growth and change of these genres and how they have come to be similar and complimentary to each other. From it's first successful start in the mid-1980's, the video's made have a similar context in the way they focus on the artist's vocals rather than visuals but, from Blige's I'm Goin' Down video, you can see how visuals became more prominent within the genre in the mid-1990's. By the early 2000's, narrative's being cropping into the video's where artist's are shown less of performing the song and more portraying the lyrics through a story. However, within the space of 4 years, soul artist's such as Amy Winehouse show to be inspired to return back to the previous way videos were made as Rehab was, although set in a rehab centre, much more focused on her voice rather than a narrative.



This change within the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s could have involvement from the music industry and their wanting the genre to become less raw with emotion and more produced, which was when R&B started to become more associated with the genre, even becoming one genre altogether Contemporary R&B. It was then popular to start creating various different types of soul music such as Neo Soul, Southern Soul, Hip Hip Soul, etc. and this began to influence soul music to become more mainstream within this era.

Genre Research

Soul/R&B
Soul and R&B music has it's roots in traditional African-American gospel music and began to mix and merge with different styles from its original religious background both lyrically and instrumentally in the early-1950s. The term "soul" in African-American heritage has suggestions of their pride and culture, Gospel groups of the 1940s/1950s taking the next step by adding it as part of their name. Jazz is one of the known genres to be a derived from soul and has come to be known simply as soul jazz.
Important pioneers whose 1950s tracks contributed to the rising popularity of soul music included Clyde McPhatter, Hank Ballard and Etta James. Ray Charles, however, is often citied as the inventor of the soul genre with his strong of hit songs starting  with 1954's "I Got A Woman." Soul music grew popular within the African-American charts, US Pop Charts and even in the UK where many had toured in the late-1960s. By the time it reached 1968, however, traditional soul was wearing thin and different evolutions of the genre grew more popular as some went on to develop funk music whilst other went on to develop disco.
Whilst funk and disco dominated the mid-1970s to early-1980s, quiet storm took effect with influence from soft rock and funk bands would even have some quiet storm records. After the decline of funk and disco in the early 1980s, soul music became influenced by electro-music where its sound became less raw and more studio produced, which later became known as contemporary R&B, which saw soul and R&B merge together.
In the mid-1990s, the music industry saw the development of neo-soul but these simmered down by the 2000s as the music industry re-focused on hip hop due to its burst of popularity.

Genre Chosen!

After looking thoroughtly into my questionnaire results and my analysis, I have decided to choose the genre Soul (with a mixture of R&B). This is because I found that the majority of the results proved to be music either I was not interested in producing a music video for or was very stereotypical and encouraged me to focus on something perhaps out-dated so that I could provide the audience with something different to acknowledge.


I am currently looking into the two following things:

·         who my artist will be
·         what song I will choose
·         who my target audience will be


where I will go into further in-depth research thereafter.

Timeline of Music Videos

Music videos are dramatically changing with the times depending on what becomes popular and trying to better its quality and quantity to attract as big of an audience as possible. The vision of music videos were completely different in the 1970's than they were in the 1990's as technology developed and the idea of extravagant music videos became popular.

Let It Be - The Beatles (1970)
Thriller - Michael Jackson (1983)
Bedtime Story - Madonna (1995)
This Love - Maroon 5 (2004)
Roar - Katy Perry (2013)

The Beatles Let It Be (1970) was made right at the beginning of music video history where image and narrative weren't in the picture and live performances were the main focus for the audience. At this point in time, it wasn't made with with the idea of a music video in mind but to have the band be filmed playing their songs live and have it be shared on popular shows (the internet having not been around and MTV not been founded). Reading up on the performance, it wasn't considered to be a music video but a film performance instead where they would sing live from the studio which would be more intimate for their audience.

Michael Jackson's Thriller (1983) was MTV's first music video to be premiered worldwide and is known as the most influential music video of all time, showing the mixture of a film narrative and music. The video is a total of 13 minutes long; full to the brim of a narrative, costumes, props, a dance routine, etc. this video was a massive project to complete but it was a pivotal point in the music industry as it lead to other artists following in the similar footsteps as Michael Jackson.

Madonna's Bedtime Story (1995) is a video made during the time where music videos became expected from musicians and directors began to experiment further into how they could make the videos more interesting i.e. this video was very special effects based and is heavy with props and costume so it is eye-catching to the audience. Additionally, the artist doesn't do too much in front of the scene expect mimic the lyrics and show off the costumes, effects, make-up, etc.

Maroon 5's This Love (2004) was made during the time where amateur directors took advantage of music videos and use them as a portfolio of their work as a way of breaking into the film business. This is shown through the narrative being very similar to that of a film scene and clothing the artist's are wearing are very casual and are typically relatable to the artist's age and style. This eventually became somewhat of a popular demand for the videos to be directed by film-makers as it allowed music videos to take on a whole new meaning of portraying the song in a movie-like way.

Katy Perry's Roar (2013) portrays the most modern of music videos, a whole narrative built and created with its surroundings and meaning i.e. the jungle representing the wild-like society she faces at every turn and her transformation symbolising her growth throughout the video and to emphasise her new-found strength against the dangers. Imagery has become very significant when creating music videos, artists (typically from the Pop, Hip Hop genre) wanting to portray their emotions and/or the meaning of the song through the imagery far more strongly than previously done.

Thursday, 26 September 2013

Questionnaire Results and Analysis

After sending out my questionnaire to a group of 30 people - equally mixed aged 16-30 - I have red my results and have begun planning some sort of basis as to how my music video will begin.

Q1. How often do you watch music videos?
It is clear that the majority of people do watch music videos at least once a week, already narrowing down my choice of target audience and helping me focus on those who will mostly watch my product. Most of the younger participants aged 16-24 years responded confirming they watch videos daily/weekly rather than older people aged 25 years+ which provides a more focused target audience and who may be interested in my product.

Q2. What genre of music do you usually listen to?















This was a very stereotypical response which showed the majority of the group select mainstream music i.e. Hip Hop, R&B and Pop, which is something the participants aged 16-24 years chose against the elder people whom responded with Soul and Indie. By selecting one of the popular genres, I would be conforming to the popular tastes of modern music and, personally, I wish to provide a different alternative of music for the target audience to listen to that has been out-dated for a decade. This encourages a usage of something the total opposite of what the audience prefer i.e. Soul, as they wouldn't expect it and would be able to glimpse into another genre of music.



Q3. What do you enjoy most in a music video?















In popular modern music, a song with a message or meaning has a valid importance and allows the audience to be able to connect with the artist in some form or another. By adding a visual representation of the song makes it more successful and the participants have confirmed this. This perfectly fits with the genre of Soul as it is considered as 'music with a personality' which it allows the director to play on the emotions of the artist throughout the clip. Not many females aged 18-24 years wanted to see anything comical whilst not many males aged 16-24 years wanted to see anything serious whilst some from different genders and age did, surprisingly, want to see a live performance of the song. The focus upon meaning and live performance helps outline a strong narrative for the video that would amplify the genre characteristics of that of Soul, R&B and Pop.



Q4. Do you think music videos boost the song's success?



















A large amount of people, the majority females aged 16-20 years, agreed that music videos do boost the song's success in the long run whilst a quarter of the results said no (majority males aged 16-26 years) and a small group of people whom haven't watched a video in a while selected unsure. This portrays a far more narrow selection of who my target audience will be, females aged 16-20 years illustrating a far bigger interest in the song enough to watch the music video than the rest of the participants.



Q5. Do you think that the music video should reflect the lyrics?


















The results provide a clear show that the majority of the participants felt that the lyrics and the music video should intertwine, all different ages and gender. However, some females aged 20-30 years felt that it all was dependent on the song being used, a surprising result where I had anticipated a little amount of response and for it to come from males. This would be well suited for the genre of Pop and Hip Hop because they are most focused on visuals and having close ups of the artist's face. This is certainly something to question further with my target audience as it could lead on to them making the decision for me once I select and play the song.


Q6.What do you believe it takes to make a music video successful?



This was an open-ended question so I ended up with a varying amount of results from the participants that I have categorised into 3 groups:



A Clear Vision

Some have said that a good music video needs to have a clear vision right from the beginning and needs precise planning and work ethic to be successful, showing they believe most focus should come from behind-the-scenes to create the overall image. This is an all round definite as all directors and crew work behind-the-scenes to create the right visuals, making it relevant to all genres.
A Narrative That Reflects The Song Emotionally
Most agreed with the idea of a storyline that grabs their attention emotionally and makes them feel something for the song and/or artist. This was always a brilliant route to take with the genre Soul and having the confirmation by the participants themselves provides the platform to create something like this.
Something Controversial
Although strange, this was said by the oldest participants partaking in the questionnaire whom had even provided names like Miley Cyrus and Robin Thicke, evidently showing that even those of an older age whom don't listen to their music have heard of them due to their controversial videos and/or performances. This would fit best with the Hip Hop, Pop and R&B genres as they stereotypically produce the most controversial music videos although Soul does have that open barrier to having the opportunity to do so as it is a genre that speaks about an artist's true emotions.


This is a very interesting response as most selected to go with the controversial route rather than something creative and with emotion, showing how popular controversy has become within our culture and society.



Q7. Would you prefer to a music video that conforms to a basic, typical style; is controversial in any way or portrays something raw with emotion? Why?






















Again, the audience have selected controversial as something they would prefer to see in a music video rather than something basic/typical and raw with emotion. This is proving to show a pattern of what is popular in modern society and the idea that they want more of it. After seeing these answers more often in the results, I am forming the idea to subvert modern day music and create something new and unique for the audience to listen to, perhaps researching into genres that are out-dated within this society. Most females aged 16-20 years had selected controversial, whom showed to idolise a controversial star themselves such as Miley Cyrus, so I wish to provide a new alternative for them to see and acknowledge instead.



Q8. What do you expect from a narrative in a music video?



This was an open-ended question where I ended up with only 2 similar results from the participants:



Something thrilling for the audience

Most of the males aged 16-24 years responded with a similar response to this which I had expected as slow, melodic music is stereotypically not something they would prefer to listen to but a narrative with something exciting involved would grab their attention long enough to listen to the song. This is complimentary to the genres Hip Hop and Rap where this sort of vision would fit in with the beat.
Something relevant to the song/lyrics
The rest of the participants, females aged 16-30 years, agreed that the song and the visuals must be linked in some form or another. They spoke of the lyrics being heavily reflected in the music video is very important for the artist to give a visual for the audience to look at. This is much more complimentary to Soul, Indie and Pop music where meaning is significant.


Q9. Do you prefer a music video that focuses on the artist or on the visuals and/or underlining meaning? Why?



















This was an interesting response from the participants as, although there hadn't been this option, some had chosen to respond with 'Both'. This is actually very complimentary to the genre Soul as both genders aged 18-30 years agreed that both are significant for the music video, soul being an emotional and visual representation of the artist themselves. Only females aged 16-18 years prefered to focus on the artist whereas males aged 16-20 years prefered to focus on the visuals.


Q10. When do you think it is appropriate to use a dance routine?



















The results were already clear from the beginning as dance routines are typically associated with fast-paced and hard-hitting beats like Hip Hop and Pop. Almost all of the participants, mixed genders aged 16-30 years, said this but one person gave an alternative of dance music. It's clear that a dance routine wouldn't be appropriate for slow, melodic music such as Soul and Indie where a narrative or live performance would be more suited.

Tuesday, 24 September 2013

Questionnaire

I have drawn up a questionnaire with 10 questions that a group of 30 people - mixed gender aged 16-30 - will answer. Below is the list of 8 quantitative and 2 qualitative questions I have asked to gain a better knowledge on the audience and their preferences/expectations.


Q1. How often do you watch music videos? (Quantitative)

Q2. What genre of music do you usually listen to? (Quantitative)
Q3. What do you enjoy most in a music video? (Quantitative)
Q4. Do you think music video's boost the song's success? (Quantitative)
Q5. Do you think that the music video should reflect the lyrics? (Quantitative)
Q6. What do you believe it takes to make a music video successful? (Qualitative)
Q7. Would you prefer a music video that conforms to a basic, typical style; is controversial in any way or portrays something raw with emotion? Why? (Quantitative)
Q8. What do you expect from a narrative in a music video? (Qualitative)
Q9. Do you prefer a music video that focuses on the artist or on the visuals and/or underlining meaning? Why? (Quantitative)
Q10. When do you think it is appropriate to use a dance routine? (Quantitative)


By handing these out to a wider variety of people, I am able to gain a better knowledge on who my target audience can be and what I can do to make my music video interesting and eye-catching to them. I hope to pass these around within the next couple of days and upload the results soon after so I can begin on my further research.

Monday, 23 September 2013

Brief

Welcome to my A2 Media Coursework Blog.

I will be working alone to research, plan and create a music video alongside a CD cover (front and back) and a magazine advertisement for a digipak for an artist and a song presented as an upcoming single.